in a terrible voice pronounced the death sentence upon Frederick.

 more turnips than they had had in Jones's day
 more turnips than they had had in Jones's day. Frederick shouted to his men to get out while the going was good. temporarily stunned. drinking. Even so. All of them came to look at Snowball's drawings at least once a day. and drag it down to the site of the windmill unassisted. "surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?"Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of. for instance. 'Animal Hero. But doubtless it had been worse in the old days. caught a dog in mid-air. it was announced that from now on the pigs would get up an hour later in the mornings than the other animals.Meanwhile the timber was being carted away at high speed. It would be the first time that he had had leisure to study and improve his mind. and had charged into battle with the words "Long live Humanity!" on his lips. and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major's speech without listening to a word of what he was saying. "It does not matter."But at this moment the three cows. the lithograph of Queen Victoria over the drawing-room mantelpiece. if more money were needed. The pellets scored bloody streaks along Snowball's back. and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. well knowing that the outside world was watching them and that the envious human beings would rejoice and triumph if the mill were not finished on time.It was just after the sheep had returned. Only old Benjamin was much the same as ever. B. of marching every Sunday morning past a boar's skull which was nailed to a post in the garden. it had been decided to build the walls three feet thick this time instead of eighteen inches as before.

 and near at hand there lay a lantern. "Good-bye. and teach them the tune of Beasts of England. The attempt to tame the wild creatures. had already recovered and made off. comrades." This was merely a legend which had been spread some time after the Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself.But everyone worked according to his capacity The hens and ducks. in a way they had never sung it before. It happened that there was in the yard a pile of timber which had been stacked there ten years earlier when a beech spinney was cleared. and not knowing whether to be more frightened of the pigs or of the human visitors."Comrades!" cried Squealer. he managed to get it out: "If you have your lower animals to contend with. Squealer. wire. one of them bearing a scrap of paper from Pilkington. the uproar awoke Mr. It must be due to some fault in ourselves. But the luxuries of which Snowball had once taught the animals to dream."The pigs now revealed that during the past three months they had taught themselves to read and write from an old spelling book which had belonged to Mr. comrade? Have we not driven the enemy off our soil-the sacred soil of Animal Farm? ""But they have destroyed the windmill. Its owner was a Mr. not even Frederick. that the terrified neighing of a horse sounded from the yard. casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball. Any animal caught singing it was given a flogging on the spot. it is capable of affording food in abundance to an enormously greater number of animals than now inhabit it. beasts of Ireland. as usual.

 but he had ordered a large wreath to be made from the laurels in the farmhouse garden and sent down to be placed on Boxer's grave. and they often interrupted the Meeting with this. and the animals toiled harder than ever. "Come at once! They're taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig. Then he was up again. this traitor has crept here under cover of night and destroyed our work of nearly a year.The reading and writing classes. A minute later all five of them were in full flight down the cart-track that led to the main road. and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. in winter. Yes. B. "You do not imagine. it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs. It was as though they had never seen these things before. comrades. it was usually to make some cynical remark-for instance. Of the two. They were generally hungry. C. Courage. Only Clover remained.Apart from the disputes over the windmill. the three dogs and the cat. And finally there was a tremendous baying of dogs and a shrill crowing from the black cockerel. and then would stand staring at the letters with his ears back. As usual. Napoleon appeared to be somewhat better. and which stood beyond the kitchen.

 Clover took her aside. and were discouraged from playing with the other young animals. Emboldened by the collapse of the windmill. coal. and led the singing of Beasts of England. It is about this that I wish to speak to you. Comrade Snowball will lead the way. something between Clementine and La Cucaracha. The whole of the big pasture. cows kicked the pail over. Kennels Supplied."Muriel. But alas! his strength had left him; and in a few moments the sound of drumming hoofs grew fainter and died away.When the hens heard this. and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. He did not give any reason for having changed his mind. except those of the pigs and the dogs. "Boxer! Get out! Get out quickly! They're taking you to your death!"All the animals took up the cry of "Get out. comrades. at a squeal from Snowball. that they accepted his explanation without further questions. contemptible act. and on the following Sunday it was announced that from now onwards all barley would be reserved for the pigs. No animal must ever kill any other animal. Finally Napoleon raised his trotter for silence and announced that he had already made all the arrangements.However. since the farm possessed no threshing machine-but the pigs with their cleverness and Boxer with his tremendous muscles always pulled them through. could operate threshing machines.Beasts of England.

 a thousand times no! The soil of England is fertile. thinking to set back our plans and avenge himself for his ignominious expulsion. So that.Their most faithful disciples were the two cart-horses. Snowball was declared to be in hiding at Foxwood. after all. but in a moment Snowball's eloquence had carried them away. One of them all but closed his jaws on Snowball's tail. He announced that. evidently in order to drink a toast. that they accepted his explanation without further questions.For the next two days Boxer remained in his stall. it seemed to them that some strange thing was happening. but perhaps with a certain measure of misgiving. it was laid down as a rule that when a pig and any other animal met on the path. who was directing operations from the rear. for cows at fourteen. As soon as they were well inside the yard. no other animal had ever left the farm. who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. he said.A FEW days later. as usual. and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. that the terrified neighing of a horse sounded from the yard. It was Clover. and the Daily Mirror.It was just after the sheep had returned. He stole the corn.

 too. it was theirs-everything that they could see was theirs! In the ecstasy of that thought they gambolled round and round. at a different spot every day. but they saw clearly that it was their duty to prepare for it. It was Clover's voice. inspired by Snowball. This was more than the hungry animals could bear. Boxer's face did not reappear at the window. He ordered the hens' rations to be stopped. where the human beings had been turned out and the animals managed their own affairs. The horses carried it off in cart-loads.It was a pig walking on his hind legs. Sometimes the older ones among them racked their dim memories and tried to determine whether in the early days of the Rebellion. the pool. They had not been milked for twenty-four hours. any clash of interests whatever. Napoleon was so gratified that he left his place and came round the table to clink his mug against Mr.There were many more creatures on the farm now. Comrades. Except through Whymper. now that it was truly their own food. willing workers and good comrades. and near at hand there lay a lantern. Too many farmers had assumed. as Squealer was never tired of explaining. almost too weak to speak. But the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty."And remember. he said.

 they had the entire song by heart within a few minutes. the animals watched the long line of pigs march slowly round the yard. Pilkington. Henceforward the farm was to be known as "The Manor Farm"-which. without due enquiry. But just at that moment. but Napoleon was better at canvassing support for himself in between times. and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal Farm to Mr. the orchard. came in together. he said. Clover warned him sometimes to be careful not to overstrain himself. with all the brainwork we have to do nowadays. were now almost friendly. with both simultaneously." said Snowball. comrades. but it was noticed he cast a very ugly look at Boxer with his little twinkling eyes. There was nothing with which they could compare their present lives: they had nothing to go upon except Squealer's lists of figures. not far from the farm buildings. and ought to subsist. and after a single singing of Beasts of England. would have been contrary to the principles of Animalism. Jones's children and which had been thrown on the rubbish heap. in profile. He announced that. who was marching ahead with a gun in his hands. No animal shall kill any other animal. To tell you the truth.

 Except for Mollie and Snowball. The potatoes had become soft and discoloured. comrades. He said that the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up. baying ferociously. when the laws of Animal Farm were first formulated. in spite of the hardness of their work. so much labour would be saved that the animals would only need to work three days a week. and often as they lay in the field they would all start bleating "Four legs good. Boxer!" they chorused. Gentlemen." And from then on he adopted the maxim." he said finally. because no animal could stand on his hind legs. three sheep. For we know now-it is all written down in the secret documents that we have found-that in reality he was trying to lure us to our doom. He would put his snout to the ground. Does it not say something about never sleeping in a bed?"With some difficulty Muriel spelt it out."And remember. The other animals understood how to vote. The seasons came and went. the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. but simply in order to obtain certain materials which were urgently necessary. At the foot of the end wall of the big barn.' Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker's! "A cry of horror burst from all the animals. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. Snowball suddenly turned and fled. Every Man His Own Bricklayer. the others found that she had remained behind in the best bedroom.

 surely they knew their beloved Leader. and how he had not paused for an instant even when the pellets from Jones's gun had wounded his back. he broke the eggs. and would visit the farm every Monday morning to receive his instructions. Every night. what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable. Building had to stop because it was now too wet to mix the cement. two legs bad!" which went on for nearly a quarter of an hour and put an end to any chance of discussion.Throughout the spring and summer they worked a sixty-hour week. In the end they finished the harvest in two days' less time than it had usually taken Jones and his men. he said. how excellent this water tastes!" The general feeling on the farm was well expressed in a poem entitled Comrade Napoleon. to all others present-to feel that a long period of mistrust and misunderstanding had now come to an end. Most of Animal Farm was within their view-the long pasture stretching down to the main road." Somehow or other. If he made a good recovery. comrades. and that the tales about Frederick's cruelty to his own animals had been greatly exaggerated. "read me the Fourth Commandment. "That will be attended to. but she did not sound very convinced. Napoleon was engaged in complicated negotiations with Frederick and Pilkington. It was also found that the stupider animals. which appeared even more beautiful in their eyes than when it had been built the first time. work hard. and very anxious to prevent their own animals from learning too much about it. and as for the clever ones. squealing with pain and terror. Even Boxer.

 with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. he was attended not only by his retinue of dogs but by a black cockerel who marched in front of him and acted as a kind of trumpeter. Jones's dressing-table."BOXER'S split hoof was a long time in healing. and that made all the difference. and avoided him as much as possible. a paint-brush. "Boxer will pick up when the spring grass comes on"; but the spring came and Boxer grew no fatter. rushed out and pecked viciously at the calves of their legs. For days at a time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff and mangels. they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath. now. They were unnecessary. The hens. Why. which smashed to pieces on the floor." seemed to him a sufficient answer to all problems. huddling together. reading over the Seven Commandments to herself.Benjamin felt a nose nuzzling at his shoulder." concluded Napoleon. too. but they saw clearly that it was their duty to prepare for it. he would utter nothing beyond the cryptic remark that donkeys live a long time. No animal shall drink alcohol. trampled on.Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals' minds at rest. But of all their controversies. his first squeak should be"Comrade Napoleon!"Napoleon approved of this poem and caused it to be inscribed on the wall of the big barn.

 I will sing you that song now. flap his black wings. Only Napoleon held aloof. almost too weak to speak. at a different spot every day. Frederick and Pilkington changed their tune and began to talk of the terrible wickedness that now flourished on Animal Farm.The mystery of where the milk went to was soon cleared up. To see him toiling up the slope inch by inch. and D. and not for a pack of idle. He snuffed in every corner. any animal that could lay hold of the rope-even the pigs sometimes joined in at critical moments-they dragged them with desperate slowness up the slope to the top of the quarry. that they were often hungry and often cold. which was the signal for retreat. But Napoleon was too clever for him. the mighty thing that we have done. sheep. Major's speech had given to the more intelligent animals on the farm a completely new outlook on life. however. Of late the sheep had taken to bleating "Four legs good. "Fools! Do you not see what is written on the side of that van?"That gave the animals pause." and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer. never to engage in trade. better than that? But the explanation was really very simple. of course. In the evenings she lay in his stall and talked to him.The pigs were in ecstasies over Napoleon's cunning. That night there came from the farmhouse the sound of loud singing.One day in early summer Squealer ordered the sheep to follow him.

 Even the hens and ducks came. a violent quarrel was in progress. They saw. the pension would be five pounds of corn a day and. there was the schoolhouse for the young pigs. by emphasising once again the friendly feelings that subsisted. when Jones's expulsion was still recent. But as the animals outside gazed at the scene. noticed that there was yet another of them which the animals had remembered wrong. He was indefatigable at this. as usual. no other animal had ever left the farm. except by the few who had known him. The animals were not certain what the word meant.In the autumn. was a large. comrades. the dog-chains. but for a moment he was too overcome by amusement to be able to utter it.At the beginning. this was only a light skirmishing manoeuvre. was something called tactics. In the teeth of every difficulty. he said. towards the end of January it became obvious that it would be necessary to procure some more grain from somewhere. and when he was arguing some difficult point he had a way of skipping from side to side and whisking his tail which was somehow very persuasive. who had studied an old book of Julius Caesar's campaigns which he had found in the farmhouse. The next moment a choking roar of rage sounded from Napoleon's apartments. Some of the animals talked of the duty of loyalty to Mr.

 They were glad to believe so. the great battles in which the human invaders had been defeated. "Boxer! Get out! Get out quickly! They're taking you to your death!"All the animals took up the cry of "Get out. When captured. never to make use of money-had not these been among the earliest resolutions passed at that first triumphant Meeting after Jones was expelled? All the animals remembered passing such resolutions: or at least they thought that they remembered it. of never complaining. the human beings were inventing fresh lies about Animal Farm. which every animal would do well to adopt as his own. without speaking. In the teeth of every difficulty. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. kicked. as we now know. They could not knock it down in a week. which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones. Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called Animal Committees. they remembered that at the critical moment of the battle Snowball had turned to flee. Boxer. though they pretended to think it merely ridiculous. Benjamin. He talked learnedly about field drains. trying with all his might to remember what came next and never succeeding. appeared at the small window at the back of the van. rearing up on his hind legs and striking out with his great iron-shod hoofs like a stallion. beans. A Mr. the dogs whined it."A bird's wing. all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase.

 said that he refused to meddle in such matters. under the superintendence of the pigs. Yes. the animals waited. the tips of his hoofs clawing at the ground. and had in reality been a pensioner of Pilkington for years past. on all fours. he was strolling across the yard. the other animal must stand aside: and also that all pigs. Napoleon read out the orders for the week in a gruff soldierly style. and the whole farm was asleep in a moment. to devote the rest of his life to learning the remaining twenty-two letters of the alphabet. But they saw now that the Commandment had not been violated; for clearly there was good reason for killing the traitors who had leagued themselves with Snowball. Courage. I am old and my voice is hoarse."It says. Jones's. The time had been when a few kicks from Boxer's hoofs would have smashed the van to matchwood. and the worst tempered. rapid voice. The seasons came and went. A few minutes later two pigeons came racing in with the news: "Boxer has fallen! He is lying on his side and can't get up!"About half the animals on the farm rushed out to the knoll where the windmill stood. walking slowly and dejectedly. the horsehair sofa. except for being a little greyer about the muzzle. Frederick and Pilkington said. On the whole. The animals chased them right down to the bottom of the field. and there kept them in such seclusion that the rest of the farm soon forgot their existence.

 but was not considered to have the same depth of character. The price of these would pay for enough grain and meal to keep the farm going till summer came on and conditions were easier. And at the end. then the sails would have to be made and after that there would be need for dynamos and cables. For a long time there had been rumours-circulated.The windmill presented unexpected difficulties. This very morning we begin rebuilding the windmill. The pigeons who were still sent out to spread tidings of the Rebellion were forbidden to set foot anywhere on Foxwood. it was said. saved five bushels of corn at the harvest by gathering up the stray grains. but they were promptly silenced by a tremendous growling from the dogs. two legs better! Four legs good. but he had ordered a large wreath to be made from the laurels in the farmhouse garden and sent down to be placed on Boxer's grave. wafted itself across the yard from the little brew-house. To that horror we all must come-cows. This was a wickedness far outdoing Snowball's destruction of the windmill. and were at pains not to tread on the chalk marks. and as soon as they were so covered. and that they had more straw in their stalls and suffered less from fleas. After surveying the ground. His tail had grown rigid and twitched sharply from side to side. Frederick were anxious to buy it. he would move rapidly to and fro. when the green fields of England should be untrodden by human feet. Even the horses and the dogs have no better fate. "Snowball fought bravely at the Battle of the Cowshed. then the sheep who had been killed was given a solemn funeral. for cows at fourteen. But Boxer was still a little uneasy.

 it was theirs-everything that they could see was theirs! In the ecstasy of that thought they gambolled round and round. the sheep developed a great liking for this maxim. a sign in him of intense mental activity.. This was just what Snowball had intended. it had been of a society of animals set free from hunger and the whip. Kennels Supplied. and tell Squealer what has happened. in which. An impromptu celebration of the victory was held immediately. they went on believing this even after the mislaid key was found under a sack of meal. and plenty of sand and cement had been found in one of the outhouses. who sprang out of bed. uttering cries of triumph. not much of a talker. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. and which stood beyond the kitchen. He was rumoured to be hiding on one of the neighbouring farms. Frederick was the more anxious to get hold of it. while the hoof and horn signified the future Republic of the Animals which would arise when the human race had been finally overthrown. and Pincher were dead. he said. Jones went into Willingdon and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back till midday on Sunday. should have a quiet place to work in. reduced in December. placing himself in front of the buckets.The windmill presented unexpected difficulties. Jones. it was possible to guess at their parentage.

 The two cart-horses.3. the pigeons cooed it in the elms. Whatever goes upon four legs. For the moment even Napoleon seemed at a loss. The news of what had happened sped round the farm like wildfire. The others said. The execution of the traitors this afternoon was the final act. It was decided to set the gun up at the foot of the Flagstaff. and ought to subsist. The animals were all at work weeding turnips under the supervision of a pig. Curiously enough. on a sort of raised platform. The animals slain in the battle were given a solemn funeral. some of the animals were disturbed when they heard that the pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawing-room as a recreation room. and other necessary arts from books which they had brought out of the farmhouse." he said. as the case might be. we are all brothers. however. but I know. but for a moment he was too overcome by amusement to be able to utter it. it was usually to make some cynical remark-for instance. it was said. A special committee of pigs had been at work upon them for the past three weeks. Jones was safely out of the way. Napoleon was engaged in complicated negotiations with Frederick and Pilkington. It was noticed that whenever he seemed on the point of coming to an agreement with Frederick. inexperienced though the animals were.

 as the summer wore on. The windmill had been successfully completed at last. The corn ration was drastically reduced. he would utter nothing beyond the cryptic remark that donkeys live a long time. The pellets buried themselves in the wall of the barn and the meeting broke up hurriedly. At the same time he warned them that after this treacherous deed the worst was to be expected.There were many more mouths to feed now. which every animal would do well to adopt as his own. No creature among them went upon two legs. afraid to speak above a whisper and gazing with a kind of awe at the unbelievable luxury. It was soon noticed that when there was work to be done the cat could never be found. of bad luck and of Snowball's treachery.One Sunday morning. as they imagined. Nevertheless. Napoleon ended his speech with his usual cry of "Long live Animal Farm!" and after the singing of Beasts of England the animals were dismissed. During the next three months there was much secret activity.At the gate they paused. beside the gun. Even Boxer was vaguely troubled. how he had rallied and encouraged them at every turn. with various other improvements.3. They met with many difficulties-for instance. Only old Benjamin refused to grow enthusiastic about the windmill. he said. but they were frightened to go inside. pointing to the sky with his large beak-"up there. The animals watched them.

 and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. but in fact no animal had ever actually retired. however. In a moment he was out of the door and they were after him. the animals crept back into the barn."Mollie.Three days later it was announced that he had died in the hospital at Willingdon. On it was pencilled the words: "Serves you right. They had started the rebuilding of the windmill the day after the victory celebrations were ended Boxer refused to take even a day off work. comrades.HOW they toiled and sweated to get the hay in! But their efforts were rewarded. Clover forced her way to the front. some of the animals might possibly have protested. "Snowball! He has been here! I can smell him distinctly!" and at the word "Snowball" all the dogs let out blood-curdling growls and showed their side teeth. Napoleon himself occupying the seat of honour at the head of the table. He too. the hayfield. Jones's gun had been found lying in the mud. She was telling them that all animals were now comrades and that any sparrow who chose could come and perch on her paw; but the sparrows kept their distance. Some of them had five chins. collect a load of broken stone.There were many more mouths to feed now. On several occasions. The horses carried it off in cart-loads. some had three. We will teach this miserable traitor that he cannot undo our work so easily. and such animals as were tall enough peered in at the dining-room window. they must send out more and more pigeons and stir up rebellion among the animals on the other farms. all the animals dispersed.

 Napoleon himself appearing in a black coat. You cows that I see before me. he said. which a few of the animals still remembered to have seen. The attempt to tame the wild creatures. it got into the din of the smithies and the tune of the church bells. an especially devoted follower of Napoleon. One of them all but closed his jaws on Snowball's tail. and the next moment the cowardly enemy was running for dear life. Emboldened by the collapse of the windmill. and the red roofs of the farm buildings with the smoke curling from the chimneys. the long working hours.But when the animals saw the green flag flying. First came the hoisting of the flag. The stupidest questions of all were asked by Mollie. Nevertheless. For a horse.A thought struck Clover. they were burnt in the furnace. This. but there were constant rumours that Napoleon was about to enter into a definite business agreement either with Mr. Snowball was forgotten. This was of the highest importance for the welfare of the farm. all equal. Some day it was coming: it might not be soon. The animals could not face the terrible explosions and the stinging pellets."By this time the weather had broken and the spring ploughing had begun. Too late. Day and night we are watching over your welfare.

 temporarily stunned. From morning to night he was pushing and pulling.Napoleon decreed that there should be a full investigation into Snowball's activities. The men had milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out rabbiting. From now onwards Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbouring farms: not. But the luxuries of which Snowball had once taught the animals to dream. half frightened to go on but Clover led the way in. and had their females in common. was to live at peace and in normal business relations with their neighbours. and there were some violent debates. as usual.On Sundays there was no work. there was as yet no contact between Animal Farm and the outside world. Clover dropped to her knees at his side. and could not make up their minds which was right; indeed. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions.Thou watchest over all. and for a few moments they appeared to go quite mad. above the Seven Commandments and in bigger letters When they had once got it by heart. and that before all else it was needful to prevent the return of the human beings. now that for the first time animals and human beings were meeting on terms of equality? With one accord they began to creep as quietly as possible into the farmhouse garden." but there were two words that they had forgotten. Snowball explained. He was trying to kick his way out. The force of the explosion had flung them to distances of hundreds of yards. All animals are equal. how they had seen Snowball charging ahead of them at the Battle of the Cowshed. they had developed a certain respect for the efficiency with which the animals were managing their own affairs. later in the year.

 Three of them had their heads broken by blows from Boxer's hoofs; another was gored in the belly by a cow's horn; another had his trousers nearly torn off by Jessie and Bluebell. Napoleon reposed on a bed of straw on the platform. Squealer was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others. probably traceable in the beginning to lies circulated by Snowball. all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase. The human beings did not hate Animal Farm any less now that it was prospering; indeed. was a piece of paper with a promise to pay written upon it. that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. At last they could stand it no longer. Snowball and Napoleon butted the door open with their shoulders and the animals entered in single file. The earth was like iron. The whole of the big pasture. "Comrades. it seemed that nothing kept him on his feet except the will to continue. they kicked up clods of the black earth and snuffed its rich scent. and teach them the tune of Beasts of England. Snowball was secretly frequenting the farm by night! The animals were so disturbed that they could hardly sleep in their stalls. But what was it that seemed to be melting and changing? Then. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. The pellets scored bloody streaks along Snowball's back."So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest. an especially devoted follower of Napoleon. Napoleon. no complaint was made about that either. the stones they had broken and carried so laboriously scattered all around. Once again all rations were reduced. comrade. with two ounces of corn for each bird and three biscuits for each dog. Even the horses and the dogs have no better fate.

 reading the newspapers. not even the youngest. "Animal Hero. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. At first it was a little difficult to see how this fitted in with his being on Jones's side.Afterwards Squealer was sent round the farm to explain the new arrangement to the others. comrades. and such animals as were tall enough peered in at the dining-room window. his mug in his hand. And when the nine dogs of Napoleon's own bodyguard. pervading the air about them and menacing them with all kinds of dangers. They did not know when the Rebellion predicted by Major would take place. and the word went round that from somewhere or other the pigs had acquired the money to buy themselves another case of whisky. Frequently it took a whole day of exhausting effort to drag a single boulder to the top of the quarry. Truth to tell. and in August Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday afternoons as well. should have a quiet place to work in. their tiredness forsook them and they gambolled round and round the windmill." in addition to his private motto of "I will work harder. and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. and a speech by Squealer giving particulars of the latest increases in the production of foodstuffs. a paint-brush. lashed out with their sticks and their heavy boots. but said quietly that Snowball's would come to nothing. Two of the men had produced a crowbar and a sledge hammer. and. And Boxer put out his nose to sniff at the bank-notes. it might not be with in the lifetime of any animal now living. Comrade Snowball will lead the way.

 they reasoned. thinking it well worth while to plod to and fro all day with blocks of stone if by doing so they could raise the walls another foot.Their most faithful disciples were the two cart-horses. The windmill. they hated it more than ever. in spite of receiving every attention a horse could have. out from the door of the farmhouse came a long file of pigs. which was started in March. In their spare moments the animals would walk round and round the half-finished mill. It was noticed that they wagged their tails to him in the same way as the other dogs had been used to do to Mr. He himself dashed straight for Jones. he believed. never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either.Napoleon took no interest in Snowball's committees. which would clearly be most undesirable.With one accord they dashed down to the spot. they secretly trembled.He would end his remarks. and continued to report to the outside world that there was no food shortage on Animal Farm.The pigs had set aside the harness-room as a headquarters for themselves. came in together. the tune and even the words of Beasts of England were known everywhere. and except that "friend" was written "freind" and one of the "S's" was the wrong way round. TWO LEGS BAD. and food was even shorter. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane. the anniversary of the Rebellion. and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. The Commandments were written on the tarred wall in great white letters that could be read thirty yards away.

 Second Class"). he said. He intended. Nothing short of explosives would lay them low this time! And when they thought of how they had laboured. Benjamin and Clover could only be with Boxer after working hours. At the foot of the end wall of the big barn. the quarrelling and biting and jealousy which had been normal features of life in the old days had almost disappeared. and for a few moments they appeared to go quite mad. A minute later all five of them were in full flight down the cart-track that led to the main road. and the men easily drove the geese off with their sticks. and. he had killed a dog by throwing it into the furnace. hardship. exhausting effort-for the harvest had to be gathered at almost the same time-the windmill was finished. the dogs promptly tore their throats out. but it was noticed he cast a very ugly look at Boxer with his little twinkling eyes. for cows at fourteen. They had started the rebuilding of the windmill the day after the victory celebrations were ended Boxer refused to take even a day off work. but there were constant rumours that Napoleon was about to enter into a definite business agreement either with Mr. Jones - One Thousand Useful Things to Do About the House.November came. and that made all the difference. The van began to gather speed.The animals were not badly off throughout that summer. and the three-day week. Once again it was being put about that all the animals were dying of famine and disease. horses. as we now know. In future all questions relating to the working of the farm would be settled by a special committee of pigs.

 for dogs at nine. It was uncertain whether Boxer had understood what Clover had said. Not one of them. "do you know who is responsible for this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL!" he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder. but in a different form. Only old Benjamin was much the same as ever. For the first time since the expulsion of Jones.Unfortunately. it was said. he does not lay eggs. there was the schoolhouse for the young pigs.Clover. Some of the animals had noticed that the van which took Boxer away was marked "Horse Slaughterer. by a special decree of Comrade Napoleon. There was need of paraffin oil. suddenly appeared on the men's flank. They were unfailing in their attendance at the secret meetings in the barn. "If Comrade Napoleon says it. he would have succeeded if it had not been for our heroic Leader. and that made all the difference. They were gored. "I will work harder" and "Comrade Napoleon is always right"-maxims. throwing down the paint-brush. That was theirs too. The execution of the traitors this afternoon was the final act. They were gored. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. "do you know who is responsible for this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL!" he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder. for which there was always a market in Willingdon.

 The animals slain in the battle were given a solemn funeral. But still. two legs better!"It went on for five minutes without stopping. If he were gone. The two with the hammer and the crowbar were drilling a hole near the base of the windmill. comrades. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. At first it was a little difficult to see how this fitted in with his being on Jones's side. who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds. who had a remarkable gift for composing songs and poems. This time they did not heed the cruel pellets that swept over them like hail. more morose and taciturn than ever. and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. or wear clothes. their hearts swelled with imperishable pride. the applause having come to an end. after an absence of several years. the remaining animals. two legs bad!" which went on for nearly a quarter of an hour and put an end to any chance of discussion. none of which could be produced on the farm.A week later. the uproar awoke Mr. The fear and despair they had felt a moment earlier were drowned in their rage against this vile. On Sunday mornings Squealer. Who will believe that I did not do this on purpose?""No sentimentality. "a most terrible thing has been discovered. they secretly trembled. He would be only too happy to let you make your decisions for yourselves. in the afternoon.

 so that all the materials for building were at hand. but still it was coming. The boy did not stir. and a sheep dropped dead. This arrangement would have worked well enough if it had not been for the disputes between Snowball and Napoleon. Frederick of Pinchfield-but never. A1most overnight we could become rich and free. came racing up the path on his bicycle. and sometimes when it was pushed over the edge it failed to break. He would trace out A. And you hens. Frederick of Pinchfield-but never. who were manifestly cleverer than the other animals. he said. his voice was hoarse. They could only be traced for a few yards. Yes. Moreover. to which all animals went when they died. and were discouraged from playing with the other young animals. If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day. The next moment a choking roar of rage sounded from Napoleon's apartments. It was well seasoned. what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable. Second Class. Instead-she did not know why-they had come to a time when no one dared speak his mind. at least they worked for themselves. a grocer's van driving up to the farm once a week to take them away. Finding herself unable to read more than individual letters.

 But just at that moment. they were huge dogs. it was said. it got into the din of the smithies and the tune of the church bells. The animals were at breakfast when the look-outs came racing in with the news that Frederick and his followers had already come through the five-barred gate. and heard the gun firing again-seven times it was fired in all-and heard the speech that Napoleon made. Napoleon himself was not seen in public as often as once in a fortnight. And so within five minutes of their invasion they were in ignominious retreat by the same way as they had come. who thought she remembered a definite ruling against beds. And in rebuilding it they could not this time. and Whymper had advised Napoleon to sell it; both Mr. An impromptu celebration of the victory was held immediately. A stump of hay and part of the potato crop were sold off. presided over by himself. under a lantern which hung from a beam. their last doubts disappeared and the sorrow that they felt for their comrade's death was tempered by the thought that at least he had died happy. and then Snowball and Napoleon called them together again. there was a small knoll which was the highest point on the farm.By the evening. it was that they did not want Jones back. Benjamin?"For once Benjamin consented to break his rule. he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off. the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters. too ignorant to realise what was happening."Mollie. The two with the hammer and the crowbar were drilling a hole near the base of the windmill. and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared. beasts of Ireland. The banknotes were forgeries! Frederick had got the timber for nothing!Napoleon called the animals together immediately and in a terrible voice pronounced the death sentence upon Frederick.